✈️Aviation English. Страница 5

Nearly all gas-turbine airplanes run on jet fuel. Also known as aviation turbine fuel, it’s a type of kerosene that’s made of ultra-refined petroleum. It was invented in the mid-1900s. Since then, jet fuel has been used to power countless commercial and private airplanes. Rather than running entirely on jet fuel, though, many airplanes use additives. There are additives available for jet fuel. They consist of liquid chemicals that improve the performance or properties of jet fuel.

Today we have discussed a medical emergency with one of my students while reading up for the exam. Let''s consider a chain of synonyms for "baby delivery which happens earlier than planned" -premature labour -premature delivery -pre-term birth -pre-term labour -prematurity -advanced labour -miscarriage(unintentional end of pregnancy which ends in fatality- выкидыш) MIND that flight attendants are not trained to deliver babies(принимать роды) so if a woman goes into labor(рожает), the first step is usually to consult with the passengers in hopes that there are medical professionals on board.

Small planes are more exposed to outside factors. For example, being on the ground, if a plane is not tied down properly, a strong gust of wind can easily flip it over. There were cases when planes flipped over upon ditching or upon rough landing with a consequent skidding off the runway.

Aiming a laser at an aircraft is a serious safety risk and it is a violation of a law. Many high-powered lasers can completely blind and as a result incapacitate pilots who try to fly safely to their destinations and may carry hundreds of passengers. In the USA it is considered to be a federal crime and it is punished with a penalty up to $ 250 000 or 5 years of imprisonment. All pilots and crew members are requested to immediately report incidents of unauthorized laser illumination by radio to the appropriate ATC controlling facility.

Due to the volcanic ash scrarches, the cockpit windows may become OPAQUE and decrease visibility for landing.

Let's listen to a recording and answer the questions 1)What is the problem on board? 2)What are pilot's intentions?

Check your aviation english - Track33

audio/mpeg

In 2016 Qatar Airways Airbus A330 performing flight from Istanbul to Doha, was in the initial climb out of Ataturk Airport when the left hand engine ingested a bird and emitted a series of bangs and streaks of flame prompting the crew to stop the climb, shut the engine down and return to Ataturk Airport for a safe landing about 15 minutes after departure. The fan blades of the engine were badly BENT. The airline reported flight returned to Istanbul for a safe landing, all passengers disembarked normally.

Mexican President has given up trying to sell his country's presidential plane and will instead rent it out for weddings or parties. The president promised that he would sell the Boeing 787 Dreamliner during his 2018 election campaign, saying that the government owning such an expensive plane is an "insult" to the people of Mexico. The plane will be parked at Mexico City airport and will be available for people to rent and use for parties. "The rental fees will pay for its expenses and maintenance," the president said. "It will be open to the public if anyone wants it." He prides himself on not spending money on unnecessary things. He takes commercial flights and has made only one trip abroad. He said the government would still like to sell the plane, but after almost three-and-a-half years, it seems unlikely this will happen. The plane was bought for $200 million and was used by the previous Mexican president. Experts say it would be expensive to turn the plane into a typical passenger jet.

People are often confused with the stress in multisyllabic words. Let's consider one of the most wide-spread aviation terms "alternate". The dictionary runs that there are two ways to pronounce it. British - /ɔːlˈtɜːnət/ American - /ˈɔːltərnət/

At ICAO exam emergencies, malfunctions ,failures are usually discussed. So, "DAMAGE" is one of the most common words. Let's consider collocations with "damage". Damage can be: -considerable -extensive -great -heavy -serious -severe -significant -substantial -widespread -irreparable -irreversible -lasting -long-term -permanent E.g. The air-conditioning system suffered a significant damage. Birds strike inflicted a substantial damage to the engine. They reported about a considerable damage of the fuselage. The storm caused widespread damage at the airport.

A wet wing (also referred to as integral fuel tanks) is an aerospace engineering technique where an aircraft's wing structure is sealed and used as a fuel tank. The use of wet wings has become common among civilian designs, from large transport aircraft, such as airliners, to small general aviation aircraft. https://youtu.be/6Lk1LmVm7tA

One more question from SELCAL. What does FICON stand for? When the flight is planned to an airport with below freezing temperatures, there is a high likelihood of snow and ice on the RWY. And it is vital to know if these weather conditions are suitable for particular type of a plane. After a RWY overrun accident by B737 at Chicago airport in 2005, FAA improved the way how to report pilots about RWY condition via NOTAMS.The system now uses a matrix with Runway Condition Codes (RwyCC) that range in value from 6 to 0, with 0 representing the worst condition, and 6 - the best possible condition. This type of NOTAM is classified as FICON, short for Field Conditions. For all airfield surfaces, the condition description will, at a minimum, describe the type of contaminant. Depths may also be reported for certain types of contaminants. In case of snowstorm FICON will also describe the actions taken.Most commonly you will see terms like PLOWED, SWEPT, SANDED, and DEICED. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAOY6svRm34

montreal.ctvnews.ca/passeng….5719752

In accordance with ICAO recommendations pilots and ATCs have to maintain an even rate of speech not exceeding 100 words per minute.

E.g. Crowds of passengers left stranded at Istanbul airport over flight disruptions caused by poor visibility. They have missed their flight and now they are stranded at the transit airport. You can come across this phrase in this article👇 www.business-standard.com/article…1_1.html

Online lessons: - ICAO test preparation for pilots and ATCs - Aviation English level maintaining - job placement interview preparation

"Augmented flight crew is a crew that comprises more than the minimum number required to operate the aeroplane and in which each flight crew member can leave their assigned post and be replaced by another appropriately qualified flight crew member for the purpose of in-flight rest." - International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Annex 6.

Separation infringement is usually caused by a human factor mistake. If a separation infringement is critical, it can cause a mid-air collision. https://youtu.be/76aZhxumMjs