Интересные и познавательные клинические случаи из реальных практик! Медицинские кейсы публикуются в форме викторин, в которых можно проверить свои знания. На каждый кейс дается детальный разбор правильного ответа! Авторы канала - врачи :)
Uterine fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas or fibroids, are benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus. Most women have no symptoms while others may have painful or heavy periods. If large enough, they may push on the bladder causing a frequent need to urinate. They may also cause lower back pain. A woman can have one uterine fibroid or many. Occasionally, fibroids may make it difficult to become pregnant, although this is uncommon.
Symptomatic uterine fibroids can be treated by:
• medication to control symptoms (i.e., symptomatic management)
• medication aimed at shrinking tumors
• ultrasound fibroid destruction
• myomectomy or radiofrequency ablation
• hysterectomy
• uterine artery embolization
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High rising epiglottis is a normal anatomical variation, visible during an oral examination which does not cause any serious problem apart a mild sensation of a foreign body in the throat. High rising epiglottis is seen more often in children than adults and does not need any medical or surgical intervention.
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Osteosarcoma of the femur
An osteosarcoma or osteogenic sarcoma is a cancerous tumor in a bone. Specifically, it is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that arises from primitive transformed cells of mesenchymal origin (and thus a sarcoma) and that exhibits osteoblastic differentiation and produces malignant osteoid.
Osteosarcomas tend to occur at the sites of bone growth, presumably because proliferation makes osteoblastic cells in this region prone to acquire mutations that could lead to transformation of cells. The tumor may be localized at the end of the long bone (commonly in the metaphysis). Most often it affects the proximal end of tibia or humerus, or distal end of femur.
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A gallbladder with marked cholelithiasis
A gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder out of precipitated bile components. Gallstone disease refers to the condition where gallstones are either in the gallbladder or common bile duct. The presence of stones in the gallbladder is referred to as cholelithiasis.
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Aplasia cutis congenita is a condition in which there is congenital (present from birth) absence of skin, with or without the absence of underlying structures such as bone. It most commonly affects the scalp, but any location of the body can be affected. While most people with aplasia cutis congenita have no other abnormalities, some people have congenital malformations involving the cardiovascular (heart), gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and central nervous systems. The cause of this condition is unclear and appears to be multifactorial; contributing factors may include teratogens, genes, trauma, and compromised blood flow to the skin.
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This is the gross appearance for multicystic renal dysplasia. Note the large but irregular cysts and the asymmetry of the kidneys. The small ureters lead to a hypoplastic bladder.
Multicystic renal dysplasia is a condition that results from the malformation of the kidney during fetal development. The kidney consists of irregular cysts of varying sizes. Multicystic dysplastic kidney is a common type of renal cystic disease, and it is a cause of an abdominal mass in infants.
When a diagnosis of multicystic kidney is made in utero by ultrasound, the disease is found to be bilateral in many cases. Those with bilateral disease often have other severe deformities or polysystemic malformation syndromes.
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Wickham striae are whitish lines visible in the papules of lichen planus and other dermatoses, typically in the oral mucosa. The macroscopic appearance shows hypergranulosis.
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A patient was admitted to hospital with green color urine
He explained that he had accidentally ingested the methylene blue dye, a day before was admitted to hospital. The patient was observed over the next 2 days, and the greenish color of urine had disappeared.
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Myositis ossificans in the brachialis muscle
Plain radiograph showing a well-defined mass with mineralized periphery and radiolucent center at the distal third of the right humeral shaft
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