Интересные и познавательные клинические случаи из реальных практик! Медицинские кейсы публикуются в форме викторин, в которых можно проверить свои знания. На каждый кейс дается детальный разбор правильного ответа! Авторы канала - врачи :)
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Bone metastasis (Cancer spread to bones)
Bone metastasis occurs when cancer cells break away from the original tumor and spread to the bones, where they begin to multiply. Prostate, breast, and lung cancers are most likely to spread to the bone. However, other cancers are not excluded. Bone metastases do not begin from the bones but move there from the primary tumor.
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Spider angioma, also known as spider naevus or spider telangiectasia, is a vascular lesion characterized by anomalous dilatation of end vasculature found just beneath the skin surface. The lesion contains a central, red spot and reddish extensions which radiate outward like a spider's web. They may appear as multiple or solitary lesions. A spider angioma has 3 features: a body, legs, and surrounding erythema. The body appears as a 1 to 10 mm central arteriole visible as a punctum or eminence. It is typically painless, resembles a spider's body), and is surrounded by attenuated capillaries radiating in a spider-legged fashion, decreasing in size toward the margins.
Spider angiomas are usually benign but often can be suggestive of an underlying systemic disease such as cirrhosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or thyrotoxicosis. Solitary spider angiomas are seen in 15% of young adults who usually have fewer than 3 lesions.
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Aplasia cutis congenita is a condition in which there is congenital (present from birth) absence of skin, with or without the absence of underlying structures such as bone. It most commonly affects the scalp, but any location of the body can be affected. While most people with Aplasia cutis congenita have no other abnormalities, some people have congenital malformations involving the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and central nervous systems. The cause of this condition is unclear and appears to be multifactorial; contributing factors may include teratogens, genes, trauma, and compromised blood flow to the skin.
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Aquagenic urticaria is a rare form of physical urticaria in which hives develop on the skin after contact with water, regardless of its temperature. It is sometimes described as an allergy, although it is not a true histamine-releasing allergic reaction like some other forms of urticaria. The condition typically results from contact with water of any type, temperature or additive.
The main symptom of aquagenic urticaria is the development of physical hives, which may or may not itch.
The hives associated with aquagenic urticaria are typically small (approximately 1–3 mm), red- or skin-colored welts (called wheals) with clearly defined edges. It most commonly develops on the neck, upper trunk and arms, although it can occur anywhere on the body. Once the water source is removed, the rash generally fades within 30 to 60 minutes.
Water in all forms, such as tap or sea water, swimming pool water, sweat, tears, and saliva can induce the lesions.
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Nevus comedonicus (also known as a comedo nevus) is characterized by closely arranged, grouped, often linear, slightly elevated papules that have at their center keratinous plugs resembling comedones.
Nevus comedonicus comprises of groups of pits filled with black keratinous plugs resembling blackheads, with inflammatory acne lesions developing later. Nevus comedonicus is caused by a defect in the development of the hair follicle. Lesions may develop any time from birth to middle age.
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A heterogeneous signal was observed on a magnetic resonance imaging scan of a cystic and solid lesion following enhancement. Hemorrhage and necrosis signals and an obvious shift of midline were also detected
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High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs showing the classical usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern: honeycomb transformation, the sub-pleural distribution and traction bronchiectasis can be discerned
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Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), also known as distal esophageal spasm, is a condition characterized by uncoordinated contractions of the esophagus, which may cause difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or regurgitation.
Certain abnormalities on x-ray imaging are commonly observed in DES, such as a "corkscrew esophagus" or "rosary bead esophagus", although these findings are not unique to this condition. Specialized testing called manometry can be performed to evaluate the motor function of the esophagus, which can help identify abnormal patterns of muscle contraction within the esophagus that are suggestive of DES.
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Arterial aneurysm
Cross-section of an arterial aneurysm, showing most of the area consisting of organized mural thrombus (tan-brown area)
An aneurysm is an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall.
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