The emergence of large pre-trained models has fundamentally changed the face and nature of progress in ML and NLP. The underlying methods have not changed dramatically; neural networks have already been pre-trained more than 15 years ago. However, the recent scale of model size and data have enabled unprecedented—and indeed unexpected—capabilities.Two recent models showcase the impressive progress in vision and NLP: OpenAI's DALL-E 2 and Google's PaLM. Both can be seen as the most recent milest…