allow for the delegation of specific test machines to individual trusted developers. More importantly, this allows not only for manually testing software on those machines, but also for automating several tasks, such as the Git bisection mentioned earlier. Final thoughts Testing a whole operating system is a challenging task, because there are a lot of moving parts. OpenQA is a great tool for that, but its main target is running tests in a virtualized environment. This works fine for several components (like Qubes Manager and GUI virtualization) but not for hardware-related features (sys-net, sys-usb, system suspend, and several others). Before this work, we ran tests on actual laptops manually, but that was time-consuming and thus not all updates or configurations were tested. Automation allows our testing to be much more comprehensive, including ensuring ongoing compatibility with Qubes OS certified hardware.